Markings and identification (Page 2)

"Touch marks" or stamps	Examples
"Gear-shape" symbol on ax exhumed in the Buffalo, New York, area. No. c 4569, Buffalo Museum (Ralph Lewis). ²	Private collection
Axe found on a timber inside a pioneer barn near Tiffin, Ohio. William Fingerhuth Collection, Ohio ( John Barsotti) .²	no example
A typical "French" trade ax marked with circles enclosing eight radial lines. It is one of a number of specimens so marked that were recovered in the town of Nelson, New York (Beauchamp: Metallic Implements, p. 65) .² Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	Private collection Trade ax with unusual trade mark. Nelson Flats. (William M. Beauchamp, Metallic Implements of the New York Indians, New York State Museum, 1902)
Marks were stamped on trade axe found on the Ste. Marie site dating from 1639 to 1649 (Midland, Ontario)	Axe head found near Parry Sound Ontario, Canada Private collection, Canada
From a burial at Boughton Hill, Victor, New York. A single O stamping on each face of the blade. No. c 6111, Buffalo Museum (Ralph Lewis).²	no example
From Tinawatawa, Beverly Swamp, at the head of Lake Ontario. In the John C. Bonham Collection, Walkerville, Ontario.²	no example
French ax with encircled fleur-de-Iis. It was recovered at the site of de Casson's winter camp of 1669-70 on the northern shore of Lake Erie. Here de Casson and Galinee took possession of the region in the name of Louis XIV. The specimen is No. M-1672, McCord Museum, A Montreal. A similar ax with the same multiple stamping was recovered . at the site of the Oneida fort, Nichols Farm, Fenner, New York, C "where the French besieged the Iroquois in 1615. One of the oldest n iron axes in America" (Beauchamp: Metallic Implements, PI. 20) .²	Private collection, Canada.
A spiked tomahawk from the Saguenay. Tadoussac Museum, Quebec.²	no example
"Six-petaled flowers" stamped into the blade of a small broadax recovered in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. H. P. Hamilton Collection, Two Rivers, Wisconsin (C. E. Brown: "Indian Trade Implements," PI. 5).²	no example
A large tomahawk found with a human skeleton in the 1870's at South Union, Maine, "has stamped upon it the symbolic Maltese T Cross, which was the French Jesuits' trading sign. [Figured.] This form of the cross was the earliest used by the French in this country." There is no documentation. The marked ax was reported by the Maine el Historical Society to be in the possession of Mr. Judson Alden, Union, Maine ( from records of the Penney Collection, Maine Historical Society, Portland).²	no example
Fort Hill near the Seneca capital, Ganagaro ( 1670-87) , Victor, New York, has yielded a number of seventeenth-century relics believed ~ to be of French provenance. The nearby Boughton Hill was the seat of Mission St. Jacques as early as 1655. In 1669 La Salle visited the Fort Hill locality, and in 1687 Denonville attacked the Senecas there. A typical French trade ax recorded as "plowed up at Fort Hill in 1861" is in the collections of the Rochester Museum. Stamped upon the blade of this seventeenth-century piece are the smith's marks here shown (Barber: "Fort Hill at Victor, New York," p. 61 ).²	Private collection
French trade axes. The middle axe has the name "Chouinard" stamped on it. Most likely the name of the blacksmith who made it.
	This mark with 8 lines is another of those of French Jesuit origin. It is usually found stamped three times and, as in the above mark, the lines are raised and the spaces in between are depressed. (The axe and its Variations)³
Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	no example
Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	no example
Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	no example
Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	no example
Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	no example
Iron Axe Mark from Protohistoric and Early Historic Onondaga Sites (1500-1655)⁶	no example
Markings found on an axe in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵	Illustration of an axe found in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵
Markings found on an axe in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵	Illustration of an axe found in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵
Markings found on an axe in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵	Illustration of an axe found in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵
Markings found on an axe in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵	Illustration of an axe found in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵
Markings found on an axe in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵	Illustration of an axe found in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵ "This is one of five axes from Plater-Martin BdHb-1 with bashed-in damaged polls, in this instance substantially broken away at the top and bottom of the axe. The specimen is unique both in its visibly distorted dimensions, being exceptionally short, and in its three "walking-stick' forge marks each side, two crossed and one detached. This axe has no counterpart in the Petun Archaeological Zone for either attribute. The width/length (Q/B see later) of this specimen is .65 compared with the more usual ca ." ⁵
Markings found on an axe in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵	Illustration of an axe found in Collingwood Ontario (1637-1650). Permission to reproduce these illustrations from author. ⁵